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Digestion is the process by which the gastrointestinal system retrieves important nutrients for the body and chemically changes the unused food into waste. Mastication, or the chewing of food in the mouth, is the first step of digestion. Saliva initiates digestion and changes the chewed food into a soft mass, or bolus.

Saliva makes the bolus slippery, making it easier to be swallowed and slide down the back of the throat and esophagus. The bolus ... more