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During harsh conditions, the large, rod-shaped bacteria that cause Anthrax develop into spores that can be released into the air and inhaled. Inhaled spores are swept into the trachea, which divides, or branches, into the bronchi. Because of their small size, the spores are carried into smaller and smaller bronchioles, eventually reaching the tiny alveolar sacs of the lungs.

In the alveolar spaces, the immune cells, called macrophages, engulf the spores and attack them with enzymes. ... more