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Activation of allergen-specific T helper 2 (Th2) cells and ILC2 cells leads to production of IL-13, IL-5, and IL-4. IL-4 promotes B cell synthesis of IgE. IL-5 is responsible for activation of eosinophils in the tissue. IL-13 induces airway...
Duration: 01:29
Published: 8/9/2019
Let’s take a closer look at the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis. Injury, infection, or other idiopathic reasons, activate the innate immune system, in this case, dendritic cells. These activated dendritic cells function as antigen pres...
Duration: 01:23
Published: 10/2/2019
The knee can be a site of chronic pain due to degeneration or mechanical damage to the area. The back can also experience pain due to disc herniation. The pinched nerve releases pro-inflammatory mediators such as nerve growth factor, histam...
Duration: 02:03
Published: 8/9/2019
Compared to estrogens or estradiol, SERMS comprise a structurally heterogeneous group of compounds that interact with intracellular estrogen receptors in a unique tissue specific manner. SERMs have been designed to elicit the beneficial asp...
Duration: 01:08
Published: 10/21/2019
What are biologics? Biological medicines (or biologics) are large and often complex proteins. Based on their molecular mass, biologics can be 200 to 1000 times larger than conventional chemical drugs. Conventional drugs are manufactured by...
Duration: 05:32
Published: 8/9/2019
Viruses are infectious agents that grow and multiply in living cells and can cause diseases. The Zika virus is typically spread to humans through contact with mosquitoes. The mosquito species that transmit the Zika virus have distinct blac...
Duration: 01:46
Published: 9/14/2016
The female breast is primarily composed of fatty tissue and mammary glands. Mammary glands drain into the lactiferous sinus, which connects them to the nipple. During pregnancy, mammary glands swell in order to accommodate milk production. ...
Duration: 00:58
Published: 11/16/2015
During the digestive process, the foods that we eat are converted into glucose, commonly known as blood sugar. Glucose circulates in the bloodstream and is used as food for the body's cells. But the cells cannot absorb glucose alone. A hor...
Duration: 01:32
Published: 11/16/2015
An allergy occurs when the body reacts to substances it can't tolerate. The substances, like tree pollen or dust mites, are called environmental antigens, or allergens, and are normally harmless. But the immune system of a person with aller...
Duration: 01:30
Published: 11/16/2015
Blausen Medical
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