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Compared to estrogens or estradiol, SERMS comprise a structurally heterogeneous group of compounds that interact with intracellular estrogen receptors in a unique tissue specific manner. SERMs have been designed to elicit the beneficial asp...

What are biologics? Biological medicines (or biologics) are large and often complex proteins. Based on their molecular mass, biologics can be 200 to 1000 times larger than conventional chemical drugs. Conventional drugs are manufactured by...

T cells play an important role in the immune response to cancer. Activated T cells detect, bind to, and kill tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1, or PDL1, normally helps maintain immune homeostasis (and...

The allo-reactive T-cell response of acute GVHD targets three principle organs: skin, gastrointestinal tract and liver. Janus kinases, or JAKs, are intracellular signaling molecules important for immune cell regulation and the pathogenesis ...

80% of men with castrate-resistant prostate cancer will eventually develop bone metastasis. Bone is a very rich site for the development of metastasis. Circulating prostate cancer cells enter the blood vessels and travel to the bone marrow....