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The eyelids protect the eyes from foreign objects and help maintain eye moisture. However, the effects of aging, exposure to environmental factors, and genetic predisposition can decrease the aesthetic appearance of the eyes and can somet...

Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, is characterized by the overexpression of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines in the gut. Many cytokines that promote inflammation rely on janus kinases, or JAKs, to activate intracellular signaling. Ther...

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by the presence of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, which stimulate inflammation. Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs can bind soluble cytokines or soluble receptors in the extracellular...

Tumor Mutational Burden, or TMB, has the potential to be used as a biomarker. It is used to measure the number of mutations found in a tumor. The mutations in a tumor lead to the derivation of neoantigens, which are proteins that result fro...

The sensation of pain often conveys that damage has occurred to tissue in the body. Pain signals follow a neural pathway from the point of damage to the spinal cord and up to the brain. However, in Central Sensitization Syndrome, the magnit...