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AIDS
White blood cells, which are produced in the bones, are a major component of the body's immune system. When an infectious organism such as a virus or bacteria enters the body, the ...
Abduction and Adduction of the Arm
Abduction is movement away from the midline of the body while adduction is movement towards the midline of the body. An example of this movement is swinging the upper limb to the s...
Abnormal Hemostasis: Embolus Causes a Stroke
The vertebral arteries are two major arteries supplying the brain. They pass through small openings in the cervical vertebrae called the transverse foramen. If the vertebral artery...
Abnormal Hemostasis: Overview of the Clotting Process
While blood clots are essential to the repair of injured tissues, clots can also put patients at risk of developing thrombosis, that may result in a heart attack or an ischemic str...
Absorptive and Postabsorptive States
When you eat, your body uses this food to fuel the cells. The absorptive state of metabolism lasts for about four hours, during and after each meal. Throughout this state, digested...
Accessory Glands
Along the male reproductive tract, there are three accessory glands; the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbo-urethral glands. These glands produce the fluid component of se...
Acidic pH in Stomach Acid decreased by a Buffer (Antacid)
Gastric acid has a pH value of 2 or 3. A pH of 7 is neutral. Excess gastric acid increases the acidity in the stomach and decreases the pH to as low as one. This commonly results ...
Action Potential
Action potentials are depolarizations that start at the initial segment of an axon and are propagated toward the synaptic terminals. They are called “all-or-none” events because e...
Active Transport: Sodium-Potassium Exchange Pump 1
In this example, ATP’s energy is harnessed to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cytoplasm. This is the pump that maintains the differences in sodium and...
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